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The Fashion Industry and Its Effects

The Fashion Industry and Its Effects Written By: Aparna Syam  What is the Fashion Industry?      The fashion industry is one of the fastest growing industries with an annual growth rate of 21%. It is an industry worth 30 billion dollars and employs millions of people all over the world.     An industry as big as this is bound to have a profound effect on the lives of a “normal people” everywhere but the manifestation of those effects can vary depending on the socio-economic factors that one experiences. The Fashion Industry and the Socio-Political Ramifications      Most industries fuelled by multinational corporations are notorious for the exploitation of their factory workers and the fashion industry is no different.     Brands such as Zara, H&M and many more who market themselves as “affordable” often cut corners by forcing their workers to work incredibly long hours for less than a minimum wage....
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What is Lymphoma?

A mutation that consumes your body.

Author: Allison Wong
Editor: Beatte Kim

What is Lymphoma?

    Lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system. It develops from lymphocytes, a subtype of white blood cells. The lymph nodes in your body contain lymphocytes that help fight germs off by producing antibodies while also controlling other immune responses.  Developing lymphoma is extremely detrimental to your health and immune system because the lymphatic system is a germ-fighting network that spreads all over your body. This also makes it heavily important to your immune system. 


How it Spreads 

    While developing lymphoma is dangerous for our health, let’s talk about how developed lymphoma can spread. We know that the lymphatic system is made up of different lymphocytes which include B- lymphocytes (B-cells) and T- lymphocytes (T-cells). B-cells produce antibodies to help protect the body against pathogens while the T-cell also does that. Some T-cells destroy abnormal cells in the body and help control the activity of other immune system cells. Unfortunately, these cells can develop into lymphoma cells.


The Symptoms


    Some symptoms of Lymphoma include coughing, unexplained fever, unexplained weight loss, itching, loss of appetite, persistent fatigue, night sweating, and painless swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck, armpit, or groin. In addition to that, there are two main types of lymphoma- one being Hodgkins lymphoma and the other being non- Hodgkin’s lymphoma. 


Types of Lymphoma 

    Hodgkin's lymphoma is the more uncommon type of lymphoma and it can affect children and adults. However, it is most rare in children under the age of five years old- it is also more common in adolescents around the age of 15-19 years old. Due to the advances in medicine, the 5-year survival rate has been common in 87% of people diagnosed with lymphoma.


    Non- Hodgkin’s lymphoma is the more common type of lymphoma with more than 80 subtypes. It is widely seen in patients over the age of 65 years old, but it is the more common cancer in children and young adults. Non-Hodgkin divides based on the lymphocyte it originates from and the most common lymphocyte is the B-lymphocyte (B-cell) which helps produce antibodies. On some occasions, they originate from T- lymphocytes (T-cells). 


Treatment 

    Regardless of whether the lymphoma is aggressive or indolent, it still has the ability to spread all over your body, but a result of the advances in medicine is a variety of treatment plans. Some treatments include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy such as immunotherapy. Moreover, stem cell transplants are also sometimes used for lymphoma, but it is toxic and can be dangerous. While there are more targeted therapies being tested in non- Hodkin lymphoma, some treatments like Polatuzumab vedotin (Polivy), Copanlisib (Aliqopa), Venetoclax (Venclexta), Acalabrutinib (Calquence), zanubrutinib (Brukinsa), rituximab (Rituxan), brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris)and ibrutinib (Imbruvica) can help shut down pathways that are driven by lymphoma. Immunotherapy drugs such as nivolumab (Opdivo) and pembrolizumab (keytruda) have been approved for some patients with Hodgkin lymphoma.


    If you feel you have experienced some of the symptoms of lymphoma, please seek guidance from your doctor. When lymphoma is diagnosed early you have a higher chance of overcoming lymphoma, reducing and relieving symptoms by finding the best treatment plan for you.

Images:

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.dana-farber.org%2Finsight%2F2015%2F07%2Fwhat-is-the-difference-between-hodgkin-lymphoma-and-non-hodgkin-lymphoma%2F&psig=AOvVaw3w0XFV8VDEMGrFP2DfBTIC&ust=1619919824340000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCNDsouKtp_ACFQAAAAAdAAAAABAJ

https://www.cancer.gov/sites/g/files/xnrzdm211/files/styles/cgov_article/public/cgov_image/media_image/2020-06/iStock-1134170857.jpg?h=ab0d4e51&itok=hpdAD-vj

Resources:

https://www.mountsinai.org/care/cancer/services/lymphoma/what-is 

https://www.cancer.org/cancer/hodgkin-lymphoma/about/key-statistics.html 

https://www.cancer.org/cancer/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/about/what-is-non-hodgkin-lymphoma.html

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